The History of the Sony Walkman

The History of the Sony Walkman As per Sony, In 1979, a realm in close to home compact amusement was made with the bright premonition of Sony Founder and Chief Advisor, the late Masaru Ibuka, and Sony Founder and Honorary Chairman Akio Morita. It started with the creation of the principal tape Walkman TPS-L2 that eternity changed the manner in which purchasers tune in to music. The designers of the first Sony Walkman were Kozo Ohsone, senior supervisor of the Sony Tape Recorder Business Division, and his staff, under the protection and proposals of Ibuka and Morita. Presentation of Cassette Tapes, a New Medium In 1963, Philips Electronics planned another sound chronicle medium - the tape. Philips licensed the new innovation in 1965 and made it accessible for nothing out of pocket to makers everywhere throughout the world. Sony and different organizations started structuring new minimized and versatile recording devices and players to exploit the tape tapes littler size. Sony Pressman Sony Walkman In 1978, Masaru Ibuka mentioned that Kozo Ohsone, senior supervisor of the Tape Recorder Business Division, start take a shot at a sound system rendition of the Pressman, the little, monaural recording device that Sony had propelled in 1977. Akio Moritas Reaction to the Modified Pressman This is the item that will fulfill those youngsters who need to tune in to music throughout the day. Theyll take it wherever with them, and they wont think about record capacities. On the off chance that we put a playback-just earphone sound system like this available, itll be a hit. - Akio Morita, February 1979, Sony Headquarters Sony concocted the minimized and amazingly lightweight H-AIR MDR3 earphones for their new tape player. Around then, earphones burdened normal between 300 to 400 grams, the H-AIR earphones weighed only 50 grams with tantamount sound quality. The name Walkman was a characteristic movement from Pressman. The Launch of the Sony Walkman On June 22, 1979, the Sony Walkman was propelled in Tokyo. Columnists were blessed to receive an uncommon public interview. They were taken to Yoyogi (a significant park in Tokyo) and given a Walkman to wear. As indicated by Sony, The columnists tuned in to a clarification of the Walkman in surround sound, while Sony staff individuals completed different shows of the item. The tape the columnists were tuning in to requested that they take a gander at specific exhibitions, including a youngster and lady tuning in to a Walkman while riding on a two-person bike. By 1995, all out creation of Walkman units arrived at 150 million and more than 300 diverse Walkman models have been delivered to date.

ECON Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ECON - Essay Example Contrasting answers of An and B over, the open door expenses of extra 20,000 tons of coal at point B is C. more prominent than the open door expenses of extra 20,000 tons of coal at point A. This reflects D. the law of expanding opportunity costs. On the off chance that dirt quality is improved, the underlying creation plausibility boondocks move from left to directly as appeared continuously new creation probability wilderness in chart 2 with a red bend. So the new bend speaking to impacts of progress of soil is the red bend. D. In the event that Jack gets another device to create twice the same number of trains every hour as before without influencing his capacity to deliver drums, the creation plausibility outskirts acclimate to one side as demonstrated as follows. On the off chance that both two nations, Greece and Denmark produce oil and wine, the open door cost of Greece creating a jug of wine is 3 barrels of oil, while the open door cost of Denmark delivering a container of wine is 8 barrels of oil. C. On the off chance that Greece and Denmark consider exchanging wine and oil with one another, Greece can pick up from specialization as long as it can gets multiple barrels of oil for each jug of wine it fares to Denmark. C. On the off chance that Freedonia and Sylvania represents considerable authority underway of merchandise for which every ha relative preferred position, together, the two nations can deliver C. 12 million pounds of tea and D. 16 million pounds of potatoes. Furthermore, If the principal bill acquainted orders multiplying of security with increment likelihood of getting a fear monger from 10% to 20% without changing situation of the blue bend, the open door cost of expanded security is A. 15 million guests for every year given that underlying quantities of guests were 55 million at a security of 10%. 2.3 The principal bill acquainted orders multiplying of security with increment likelihood of getting a fear based oppressor from 10% to 20%, a circumstance which isn't palatable to a few. Accordingly, one delegate acquainted a bill with increment security by extra 10% from 20% to

Rose For Emily Essays (1093 words) - A Rose For Emily,

Rose For Emily A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner is an exceptional story of Miss Emily Grierson, whose burial service drew the consideration of the whole populace of Jefferson a little southern town. Miss Emily was brought up in the prewar period prior to the Civil War in the south. An anonymous storyteller, who is consider to be the town or possibly the community oriented voice of it, adjusts key minutes throughout Emily's life, including the demise of her dad and her brief relationship with a man structure the north named Homer Barron. In short this story clarifies Miss Emily's severe and tedious ways and the morose interest that the towns individuals have appeared toward her. Transcending the exacting degree of Emily's account, the story essentially addresses the representative changes in the South after the common war. Miss Emily's home represents disregard, and improvishment in the new occasions in the town of Jefferson. Starting with Miss Emily Grierson's memorial service, all through the story Faulkner anticipates the consummation what's more, thrilling occasions in Miss Emily's life, and Miss Emily's other looming conditions. A Rose for Emily tells the story of a young lady who lives and complies with her dad's exacting normal. The widespread imagery and Falkner's portrayals of the rotting house, agree with Miss Emily's physical and passionate rot, and furthermore stress her psychological degeneration, and further delineate the result of Falkner's story. Miss Emily's rotting house, lacks certified love and care, yet so splash she in her grown-up life, however all the more so during her youth. The congruity of Miss Emily's home in connection to her physical appearance is welcomed on by steady disregard and unappreatation. For instance, the house is stituated in what was at one time a conspicuous neighborhood that has now decayed. Initially the house was, It was a major, squarish casing house that had once been white, enhanced with vaults and towers also, looked over overhangs in the vigorously lightsome style of the seventies(Falkner 80) of a previous time, presently a significant number of the towns individuals see that the house has become a blemish among blemishes. Through absence of consideration, the house has weakened from a delightful home, to a terrible forlorn shack. So also, Miss Emily has likewise become a blemish in the following different ways. A model, she is first depicted as a fallen landmark to propose her previous magnificence and her later offensiveness. Miss Emily might have avoided the open eye after these two passings which left her at long last alone, something she was not used to. At the point when Miss Emily kicked the bucket Jefferson lost an unmistakable landmark of the Old South. This story by Falkner contains a high pace of imagery altogether disseminated and uncovered by obscure portending. Similarly as the house has, Miss Emily has lost her excellence. When she had been a wonderful lady, who later gets fat and enlarged. In this post common war town, the extraordinary bequest and Miss Emily has endured the cost of time furthermore, disregard. As the outside, the inside of the house too looks like Miss Emily's expanding average and the developing feeling of pity that goes with such a defeat. All that is recounted within Miss Emily's home is a diminish lobby, where a flight of stairs is mounted into sliding haziness, with the house smelling of foul smells. The joined obscurity and smell of the house relate with Miss Emily in a portion of the accompanying ways, with her dry and cold voice as though it were sketchy and dry from neglect simply like her home. The closeness between the within the house and Miss Emily stretches out to the shelf, where there is a representation of her dad and Miss Emily staying there. Inside and remotely, both Miss Emily's structure and her body are in a condition of decay and tarnishment like a metallic material. A model is the point at which she would not let the new gatekeeper connect metal numbers over her entryway and secure a post box at the point when the town got free mail administration. This reflected Miss Emily's unfaltering furthermore, difficult persona brought about by and identified with her dad's severe treatment of her when she was youthful. In consummation, the resident's outlines of both house and its tenant relate a typical ugly nearness. For instance, Faulkner communicates a ton of the occupant's conclusions towards Emily and her family's history. The residents or the storyteller notice old woman Wyatt, Miss Emily's incredible auntie who had gone totally frantic. The vast majority of these conclusions appear to result from female residents of the town as a result of their meddlesome and a gossipy

Mental Illness Argumentative Essay Topics - Overview

Mental Illness Argumentative Essay Topics - Overview There are many approaches that could help you to pick a topic. Together with a complete expert attitude our experts also place particular emphasis on the customer's expectations too. Preferably, it must be something that you're an expert in. Regardless of the topic that you're exploring in your argumentative essay, following principles of the structure ought to be maintained to have a decent level. Deciding on an emotional topic is also an excellent idea. You may support a specific idea whilst criticizing different facets but let the reader decide. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good concept to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. Argumentative essay is about arguing and debating on a subject, which is debatable. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's important to at all times be critically considering the world around us. The greatest argumentative essay topics are the simplest ones. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. You have to read plenty of books, textbooks or watch some videos to have an excellent comprehension of your subject and be in a position to come up with a compelling argument. To compose a terrific argumentative essay the students first must investigate several sides of the argument, which permits them to make an educated stance. It's not sufficient to pick a topic which everybody agrees on. It's possible to opt for an intriguing topic from any area of science. To locate argumentative essay topics easy on various platforms, you will need to comprehend about the argumentative essay. At times you might require some expert help with argumentative essay topics. Argumentative topics can be a number of the widest-reaching essay assignments on Earth. If you select boring, bland or irrelevant topics, you are not going to have an extremely prosperous paper. There are lots of aspects about a sport that may be argued in an essay. How to lessen level of stress when you reside in a fast-paced society. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to discover ready-made essays and use them as an example. Locating good essay topics you might discuss effectively and create powerful argumentative essays is a difficult work. There are many steps that you should take so as to write an outstanding essay. You will discover a variety of argumentative essay topics but picking the perfect one might be the basic and the very first step to compose an influential essay. You'll not have to be concerned about picking a great topic again not with 123Writings. There are many intriguing topics that could be become a persuasive essay if you take the opportunity to consider about doing it. Our crew of professional writers with the required experience and writing skills is always prepared to fulfill your demands and exceed your expectations. Our writers are highly competent so you may place your order for any custom essay with no hesitation. Young writers may try simple on-line citation generators which are generally at no charge. Professional essay writers at 5staressays can help you, in the event you're looking for specialists to guide you. The role of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. To write a strong argumentative essay, they should begin by familiarizing themselves with some of the common, and often conflicting, positions on the research topic so that they can write an informed paper. With proper main topics, they can reach good results. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on various views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. What to Expect From Mental Illness Argumentative Essay Topics? Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper can help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. You may download our sample essay papers free of charge. When you are finished with your essay, you must not just check it for spelling and grammatical errors, but nevertheless, it also has to be checked for logical fallacies. If you've got to compose your whole essay in 1 day, do your very best to give yourself breaks so you don't burn out. Later, since the semester went on, I began to create feelings for Benedict. At various classes, students learn to execute excellent articles. Generally, the teachers or professors assign the topics independently. School tests aren't effective.

Edgar Allan Poes Tell Tale Heart and Sir Arthur Conan...

Edgar Allan Poes Tell Tale Heart and Sir Arthur Conan Doyles The Adventure of the Speckled Band Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Edgar Allan Poe, both authors who are eminent for the content of their stories, wrote about crime. Though they invented stories concerning crime, they both wrote through different perspectives. This essay is going to compare how the characters of both stories, Tell Tale Heart written by Poe, and The Adventure of the Speckled Band written by Doyle, have been portrayed differently by their authors as well as exploring into the language style of the two stories. The historical backgrounds of both authors have influenced the way their stories are written. Poe was seen to have an unstable life as his†¦show more content†¦He died in Baltimore in 1849, due to drug overdose. Admittedly a failure in most areas of his personal life, he was recognized as an unusually gifted writer and was admired by Dostoevsky and Baudelaire, even if not always appreciated by many of his other contemporaries. Due to the changes in occupation and other factors, his stories tended to be more emotive than usual. Doyle was born in year 1859, in Edinburgh. He studied medicine at Edinburgh, but poverty as a medical practitioner made him turn to writing. In 1887, his first book, A Study in Scarlet introduced the vigilant, deductive Sherlock Holmes, his good-natured question-raising friend, Dr Watson, and the whole apparatus of detection mythology associated with Baker Street, Holmess fictitious home. This was well appreciated and the fact that his life was more stable compared to Poe, his stories tended to be not as emotive but logical. He decided to kill his main character, Sherlock Holmes, in 1901, but was compelled to revive him in 1903 due to the protest grounds breaking, and this showed how strong the detective story genre was. Doyle died in 1930. The main characters of The Case Of Identity, are Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. Holmes is a detective who deciphers the cases submitted to him and is seen through the view of Watson, his ardent partner. Through out the story, Watson is

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Female Adolescents Essay

1. Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) an Introduction: Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is defined as self-injurious behavior without suicidal intent (Klonsky, 2007). This is an issue that has become ever more prevalent in the field of mental health and has been shown to effect individuals struggling with many other coinciding mental health issues (Klonsky, 2007). Mental Health practitioners have serious concerns regarding the ethical and effective treatment of adolescents struggling with issues related to self-injurious behaviors and the risk factors related to self-harm. When untreated these behaviors can lead to unintentional suicide and as a result it is of utmost importance that mental health professionals approach issues of self-harm†¦show more content†¦There are many forms of self-injury including cutting, scratching, pinching, hitting, and burning. The reason for these contrasting prevalence reports may be due to the fact that female clients are more likely to engage in cutting behaviors, while males are more likely to b urn themselves (Klonsky, 2007). Evidence has shown that Caucasians are more likely to engage in self-injurious behaviors than any other ethnicity (Klonsky, 2007). Frequently the function of self-harming behavior is to manage difficult emotions; however research has shown it can also be used to convey messages to others, to direct punishment at oneself, to illicit a sense of control, to induce sensation, to reduce suicidal ideation, or to stop dissociative feelings (Klonsky, 2007). Individuals who self-harm suffer from a variety of psychological stressors including intense negative emotions, trouble understanding and expressing emotions, intense feelings of anger toward self, and a tendency to be impulsive (Klonsky, 2007). No one mental health disorder is specifically associated with NSSI and individuals who self-harm receive a variety of different DSM Diagnoses. However, NSSI is has often been associated with Borderline Personality Disorder and more recently with history of childhood sexual abuse (Klonsky, 2007). In addition, it has been suggested that theseShow MoreRelatedChild, Adolescent And Suicide867 Words   |  4 Pages Child Adolescent and suicide Suicides attempt is a potentially self-injurious behavior with a non-fatal outcome, for which there is an evidence that the person intended at some level to kill himself/ herself (Kola 1). In simple words a person tries to kill himself/herself by poison, injury and many other ways. Then intent to commit suicide is called suicidal ideation. Now a days, many people committing suicide in which most of them is the youth generation. Why it happens?. 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Italy (155 words) Essay Example For Students

Italy (155 words) Essay ItalyLocation and PopulationItaly, is a boot shaped country in south-south eastern Europe. Italy, also known as the Italian Republic, is one of the seven most industrialized countries in the world. This lineup includes: United States, Russia, Germany, England, Japan, China and Italy. Italy is about the size of North Carolina and it has a population of around thirty-seven million people as of 1991. An interesting fact about the population of Italy is that it is neither growing nor shrinking. During the last decade, Italys population hasnt exceeded a .9% increase or decrease in population. Of the 37 million inhabitants of Italy, many work as farmers, and factory workers. ClimateThe climate of Italy is mild. Along the coastal areas, there is a long hot summer, with a short mild, and windy winter. Italy much of the time is cold and wet especially in the winter. The yearly average temperature is 40 degrees.Main Industries/

Clean Well Light Place Essays - A Clean, Well-Lighted Place

Clean Well Light Place A Clean Well Lighted Place Earnest Hemmingway Analysis The conversation starts out with the narrator setting up the story and the scene, as most do. An indication is made about the setting in the caf? with the leaves giving a shadow and hence telling us that the story was taking place on a patio or street of the caf?. An old man that was deaf and seems to be on hard times, which he was, especially after finding out that he had recently tried to commit suicide. One of the waiters whos table the old man was sitting at began to get impatient with him just sitting there taking up his time, that he felt was better suited for sleep since three-o-clock in the morning was too late for bedtime. This was one indicator of the waiters age, his impatience was most likely derived from his youthfulness and preoccupation with a young family at home. Several statements made by the younger waiter like, Youll be drunk and You should have killed yourself last week, began to encourage the older waiter to take up for the old man and let his true feelings out instead of being passive and courteous as he had been in previous conversation. As the ensuing conversation takes place between the waiters we begin to realize each ones priorities and what relationship that the old man plays in their lives. The older waiter began to recognize himself in the old man, not mentioning anything about a family of his own at home. Another reason the older waiter sympathized with him was the fact of his own age and could see why the old man did the things that he did. Loneliness seemed to be a common factor for both of the older men. When the younger waiter had left and the bartender came into play, it reminded me of the same scenario that had just played out between the younger waiter and the old man. This time it was the bartender somewhat being the young waiter and the older waiter being the old man. When he said the Lords Prayer replacing words with nada he was giving the inclination that no one re ally gave a damn, and he might as well play out the cards life is dealing him. He also continued to talk about the lighting in the place as if he and the old man felt safe because of it, almost a kind of phobia about the dark. Safe in the shadow of the leaves of the trees, yet he could see everything and everyone around him. At the end when he was going to bed and the sun was coming up he said that he must have insomnia, and made it expectable by believing that a lot of people have it, so nothing was wrong with him. The older waiter and the old man seem to both be suffering from depression, however, the older man was in a far more advanced state of the problem. The older waiter could see that his life of loneliness would eventually perpetuate into what he had experience that night during his visit with the other waiter and how the old man had been treated. I think that as we get older we also realize that life can take turns for the worse and true realization of what could happen to us is more believable. When we are younger everyone likes to believe that they are invincible. Creative Writing

Exempt vs Non-Exempt Employees

Exempt vs Non-Exempt Employees Free Online Research Papers In most organizations employees fall into two categoriesexempt and non-exempt status. The exempt and non-exempt terms was brought into effect through the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and was written to protect employees from being required to work long hours with out being compensated and an incentive for employers to attract potential candidates. The difference between the two categories could cost the organization quite a lot of money. This means that employees who fall into the exempt status are exempt from overtime regulations and minimum wage laws. On the other hand, employees who are classified as nonexempt must be paid for every extra hour of overtime they work. According to the U.S Department of Labor (2007), the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), requires that most employees in the United States be paid at least the federal minimum wage for all hours worked and overtime pay at time and one-half the regular rate of pay for all hours worked over 40 hours in a workweek. In addition, the FLSA also dictates that an employee’s title does not determine their status. In other words, for an employee to be considered exempt the employee’s pay and specific job duties must meet all the requirements. Regardless of the number of hours worked exempt employees do not receive overtime pay. However based on the supervisor’s discretion employees are offered compensatory time for excess hours worked. Determining exemption status can sometimes be a very complex process. To determine employers have to consider the primary purpose of the position and how the tasks fits with the purpose. According to Turner (n.d), job analysts use organizational charts, compare similar positions, use field manuals, and read the FLSA guidebooks to determine the category. Misclassification of status can result in severe penalties for employers. In some cases employers are required to pay back pay of up to two years for any employee who is misclassified as exempt. Exempt employees are generally paid for any full week in which they perform work without regard to the number of days or hours worked. Paid vacations, time off and holidays are all fringe benefits offered by employers. That is why employers must be careful when deducting unpaid time off, especially if organizations do not provide paid vacation or personal day. Then this could be deducted from employees’ salary. On the other hand, the FLSA states that employers may make pay deductions when an employee is absent for a full day for personal reasons when paid vacations, time off and holidays are granted. Similarly, if you give paid vacation days and the employee has used them all, you may deduct any additional personal time off. Non-exempt employees on the other hand are required to work a certain number of hours in a week period and if that number is met and exceeded it is then considered overtime. Non-exempt employees are required to maintain a regular schedule to track actual hours worked. Ensuring that all procedures and policies are clear with regards to recording time and working overtime are all important information that should be communicated to the employee. According to the Business Owners (2007), The Federal Fair Labor Standards Act requires, among other things, that a minimum wage be established, and that all nonexempt employees be paid that minimum wage. This rate must be paid to all nonexempt employees for each hour worked up to 40 hours and must be paid time and a half for time worked beyond. However, in complying with the laws, employers must validate that employees did work the time indicated, computed at the employee’s regular rate and ensure that the organization maintain an equal pay requirement. The FLSA is a useful tool to help guide employers as well as employees determine the criteria for exemption. The law guides both categories and as noted job titles should not be the only criteria for claim exemptions and surely not simply paying on a salary. This means that each and every situation must be looked at individually. Exempt positions are excluded from minimum wage; and overtime regulations unlike nonexempt employees who are allowed overtime and must be paid for time worked over the specified number. References Business Owners Toolkit (2007). Exempt and Nonexempt Employees. Retrieved November 19, 2007, from http://toolkit.com Turner D. (n.d). Non-Exempt and Exempt: What do these terms men and why does it Matter? Retrieved November 19, 2007, from purdue.edu US Department of Labor (2007). Fair Pay Fact Sheet by Exemption Under the Fair Labor Standards Act. Retrieved November 19, 2007 from dol.gov Research Papers on Exempt vs Non-Exempt EmployeesWhat are Stock OptionsDistance Learning Survival GuideA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food RestaurantGene One the Transition from Private to PublicDeontological Teleological TheoriesThe Mechanics of Grading Grading SystemsAmerican Central Banking and OilThe Equal Rights AmendmentQuebec and CanadaDefinition of Export Quotas

Analysis of a historic document, using a what, when,where, who why Essay

Analysis of a historic document, using a what, when,where, who why approach - Essay Example To illustrate how this approach functions to reveal a great deal of information about a document and/or a period, these five questions will be applied to a historical document, identified merely as an emigrant letter. The document presented is a pseudo-private document sent from an emigrant to the people he left back home. This can be determined as the letter is at first addressed to an individual â€Å"Dear Sir†, but immediately the letter is expanded to include anyone else who might be hungry for news of those who left their mother country for adventure and fortune in a new land. In addition, the writer indicates he is â€Å"very glad to hear that you are all in the injoyment (sic) of of (sic) good health when it left†1 indicating that he is writing to more than one person, but he also mentions personal issues such as his joy to hear â€Å"that my old parents were still alive but I am very sure they must be very frail indeed at their stage of life.†2 The letter continues to detail the business of the various individuals who are a part of their colony or settlement who might be known to those back home, again reaching out to touch more than simply the individual to whom the letter is addressed as it is clear that others back home will be eager for news. At the same time, the author provides detailed personal information about his own fortunes in the new land, which suggests to many in the modern age a greater degree of privacy than a community letter might provide. Thus, while it is a private communication, it nevertheless is recognized by the author that it will probably become public property upon its arrival as friends and family glean it for news of their loved ones. The document is dated as being written on August 23, 1862.3 It seems clear from its contents that this is a time during which families from England and Ireland were moving to

Nursing Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing Ethics - Essay Example Every professional nurse should have a clear understanding of her nursing philosophy and values, professional requirements and responsibilities. All aspects of nursing (e.g. education, practice, management and research) have a profound ethical dimension. The ethical and moral dimension is distinguished from other dimensions of nursing by the inherent moral demands. Quality assurance has become a leading goal of health care delivery, the effect of public alarm over the high cost of care and the aim of offering the best care. The concept of caring is one of the most important and unique because it goes back to ancient times and determines the nature of nursing profession. The term caring means "nurturing and loving support of a person" (Yoder-Wise 2005, p. 7). The concept of nursing that has been evolving throughout the ages has not yet reached its fullest maturity. It continues to grow and develop to include widening spheres of nursing service and practice and expanding functions. Nursing has its origin in the mother-care of helpless infants and must have coexisted with this type of care from earliest times. Frequently this referred to a woman who suckled a child who was not her own, that is, a wet nurse. The maternal instinct provided that strong impulse or motive necessary to care for those who were suffering or helpless. Consequently, the nurse as a loving mother who intuitively comforts and renders care continues to be a popular image (Burns and Grove 2005). The parental instinct more accurately des cribes this strong motive and is present in both sexes of all races and within different age-groups. This concept reflects individual-nurse relations and importance of strict values and moral rules in this profession (Yoder-Wise 2005). The ethical and moral dimension is a care of nursing profession. Healthcare ethics is based on philosophical ideas go back to ancient time. Philosophy, no less than medicine, was transformed in the early modern period under the impact of science, and researchers might see the existence of "moral philosophy" as such as consequent on the cultural changes brought about by the scientific revolution. Introducing as they did a comprehensive secular version of the world, the modern sciences created a demand for a secular version of the ethical doctrines previously encoded within religion. This dimension is closely connected with concepts of health and wellbeing, an individual and society. Values are defined as 'broad tendency to prefer certain states of affairs over others' (Thomasma 2004, p. 8). Ethics means 'a set of moral and ethical principles which determine right and wrong actions' (Thomasma 2004, p. 10). For a nurse, medical ethics raises the question of how her activities affect the behavior of individuals and the values of society, and concerns important ethical questions about the role of medical staff in the management process and healthcare delivery. Heifetz explains ethics as a mixture of morals, customs and values, and laws: Moral issues arise whenever human action or inaction affects others. Customs and values reflect the moral underpinning of a society. Morality speaks to what is right or wrong in human relationships, how we should treat others and how others ought to treat us,

Joseph Stalin Essay Example for Free

Joseph Stalin Essay One man that has gone down is history as one of the most cold-hearted, ruthless killers goes by the name of Joseph Stalin. Stalin, originally born with the name Iosif Dzhugashvili, was born in Gori, Georgia on December 21st 1879. At the time, the town where Iosif Dzhugashvili was born and raised was plagued by a lot of street violence. After demonstrating his devious way of thinking and his will to come to absolute power, Iosif Dzhugashvili eventually adopted the nickname â€Å"Stalin† from the Russian word â€Å"steel†. Once he received his new nickname, he used it as a pseudonym in his published works. Many do not know the story of Stalin’s younger years and the effect it had to the way he carried himself as a dictator. After careful speculation, it is clear to see that the future dictator and killer was very coldhearted from a very young age. From a very young age, Joseph Stalin was subjected to a lot of violence. Some of the most prominent violent events that affected the young boy started with his mother. Ekaterina Shubnaya in her piece â€Å"Prominent Russians: Joseph Stalin† states that â€Å"Some sources, however, claim that, as a strict and religious woman, she frequently resorted to physical punishment, which she believed was an integral part of child rearing. Stalin’s relationship with his mother was strained and he didn’t even attend her funeral in 1937† (1). Here, we see that violence was a natural way of Stalin’s mother to raise the youngest son of her 4 children. She would have never thought that this violence would have led her son to become one of the most violent human beings to ever live. The psychological effects of violence that Joseph Stalin went through from a young age followed him for the rest of his life. After further research, it is seen that even as a young boy, Joseph Stalin felt very lonely and unloved. The reason for this was because even his father, caused him pain psychologically and physically. Ekaterina Shubnaya continues by explaining that â€Å"Josephs father, Vissarion, a shoemaker, was heavily addicted to drinking and had a drunken habit of beating up his wife and son. Stalin recalled getting so mad at his father that he once almost killed him by throwing a knife at him† (1). His rough childhood only continued when at the age of twelve, two horse-drawn carriage accidents left his left arm permanently damaged. At the time, Joseph also caught small pox which left his face permanently scarred. The scarring on his face was a source of ridicule by the other children. As Joseph Stalin got older, he rose to power thanks to a man named Lenin. Lenin lead the Russian Communists to power in November 1917 and remained in power. With the help of Lenin, Joseph Stalin began to act ruthless and careless of others. When Lenin became too sick to lead the country in a proper way, Stalin took over and went against Lenin’s ideas and ways of leading. Noticing that Stalin wasn’t showing the characteristics of a loyal and respectful leader, Lenin wrote a testament in which he stated that he suggested Stalin be removed. John Simkin, in his piece â€Å"Joseph Stalin† shares the testament written by Lenin. It states â€Å"Comrade Stalin, having become General Secretary, has concentrated enormous power in his hands: and I am not sure that he always knows how to use that power with sufficient caution. I therefore propose to our comrades to consider a means of removing Stalin from this post and appointing someone else who differs from Stalin in one weighty respect: being more tolerant, more loyal, more polite, more considerate of his comrades(2). However, Lenin died before any actual could be taken and Joseph Stalin became the new leader of the Soviet Union. Now as the leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin became very paranoid and did not trust anyone. He went against anyone that disagreed with him and had them executed. He executed journalists, and anyone else who had contact with him and who he disliked. Leon Trotsky was a man of a lot of power in the Soviet Union but Stalin made him step down from his position to gain even more power. John Simkin tells us that â€Å"In 1936 Nickolai Bukharin, Alexei Rykov, Genrikh Yagoda, Nikolai Krestinsky and Christian Rakovsky were arrested and accused of being involved with Leon Trotsky in a plot against Stalin. They were all found guilty and were eventually executed† (3). The execution of these people and of many others was clear evidence that Joseph Stalin was killing people not because they were committing crimes or doing anything bad, but because he personally didn’t trust them and killed them from pure intuition and impulse. The absurd truth about Joseph Stalin is that he killed his own people. He killed people in his own country and in his own government. The people that helped him rise to power were the people he did not trust and who he had executed or made to disappear without any explanation given. John Simkin explains to us that â€Å"In June, 1937, Mikhail Tukhachevsky and seven other top Red Army commanders were charged with conspiracy with Germany. All eight were convicted and executed. All told, 30,000 members of the armed forces were executed. This included fifty per cent of all army officers† (3). With all these executions, people lived fearful of Stalin and did not dare test his patience. The violence against his own people is direct evidence of the psychological effects that the beatings from his parents had on Stalin. Since the people who supposedly loved him, beat him, it became second nature for Joseph Stalin to do the same with the people of his country when he rose to power. It is said that Joseph Stalin has killed over 20 million people during the time of dictatorship but there were even more killed during World War II. Palash Ghosh in her piece â€Å"How Many People Did Joseph Stalin Kill? † writes that â€Å"an amoral psychopath and paranoid with a gangster’s mentality, Stalin eliminated anyone and everyone who was a threat to his power – including (and especially) former allies. He had absolutely no regard for the sanctity of human life†(1). There were another 20 million people killed during World War II amounting to a total of 40 million Soviet troops and civilians killed. The ruthlessness Joseph Stalin showed had become vividly present with his own family. Stalin had a son named Yakov who was an artillery lieutenant in the 14th Howitzer Regiment of the 14th Armored Division. Yakov refused to withdraw when German forces overran his men near Smolensk. Stalin had the expectation that no Soviet soldier was expected to be captured. He preferred his troops to commit suicide than to be captured by the opponent. This rule also applied to his son, who was captured. Brenda Haugen, writer of â€Å"Joseph Stalin Dictator of the Soviet Union† describes that â€Å"German authorities proposed a trade. They expected the Soviet leader would welcome his son’s return. A message was sent to Stalin that said the Germans would release Yakov if the Soviets freed a German officer. Stalin refused. ‘I cannot do it,’ Stalin said. ’War is war’†(11). This decision cost Yakov his life who was later believed to be killed or may have commited suicide. He died in April 1943 after running into an electric fence surrounding the camp where he was held. It is said that Joseph Stalin never felt any remorse for his son’s death and told people he had no son named Yakov. It is a clear indication that Stalin didn’t have a special bond with his family or any type of value for human life in itself. It seems that Stalin grew to be a coldhearted man who didn’t value anyone but himself. Brenda Haugen continues by stating that â€Å"In times of war, most leaders would find it difficult to justify offering special treatment to their own children. How could they spare their own childrens lives while others died fighting for the same cause? But Stalin was different than other leaders of his time. Not only did he refuse to provide special treatment to his family, he also didn’t value human life†(11). The ruthlessness of Stalin is astonishing that he would let his son be killed without any type of remorse. There’s an old saying that says that family comes first but this saying doesn’t seem to apply to Joseph Stalin’s way of thinking. Even though Stalin was one of the most well-known villains in history, he was still a very mysterious man. There is very little known about his childhood and his family. The records that have been recorded are not concrete because as Stalin gained power, he had the tendency to make things be the way he wanted them to be and no one could question him. This being said, some facts of his life seem to be produced by his fictional events created by him and not what may have really happened. Scott Ingram writes in his piece â€Å"Historys Villains Joseph Stalin† that â€Å" Another reason Stalin’s life remains shadowy is that he ordered his biography to be rewritten several times. With each of these rewrites, older records were destroyed. The more powerful Stalin became, the more he was able to take credit for things he had not done. His Communist biographers were forced to revise twentieth-century Russian history books to go along with Stalin’s orders. The aim was to present to the world the most flawless possible account of the great leader†(8). These lies brainwashed people into thinking that Stalin was a different person than who he really was. He made people see him as a perfect leader and not as a person who was killing the people that supported him. In conclusion, it is very easy to see that Stalin was influenced by his childhood experiences to become the person he was. The ruthless leader took the experience of the beatings his parents gave him and in a way beat his own country when he rose to power. He was and still is the most ruthless leather to ever live. He used fear to keep people controlled and to make people do exactly what he wanted them to do. He had people in such fear that before every speech, people were afraid to be the first to stop clapping because they’d be killed. The audience would clap for over 10 minutes in fear of being the first one to stop. This type of control is what let Joseph Stalin do anything he wanted without having anyone tell him it is wrong or to stop him from doing it. During his last days, he fell into a comma and in his last moments, in an attempt to keep living, he cursed everyone near his death bed and finally died. Joseph Stalin was a ruthless dictator and human being who had no type of remorse for anything he ever did.

The Civil War Essay -- essays research papers

The Civil War During both the civil war and civil war reconstruction time periods, there were many changes going on in the Union. The Emancipation Proclamation, as well as legislation such as the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendments, was causing a new awakening of democracy; while the renouncing of secession by the South marked a definite triumph for Nationalism. As well, the government was involved in altercations of its own. During reconstruction, the legislative and executive branches eventually came to blows over the use of power. The nation was being altered by forces which caused, and later repaired, a broken Union. The first of these "forces", was the expansion of democracy. As early as 1862, Lincoln was taking a major step in that direction. On September 22, Lincoln announced the freeing of all slaves in areas not in Union control. Although the proclamation did not free all slaves everywhere, it was the action that would push Congress to pass the thirteenth amendment in 1865. The amendment, ratified later in 1865, stated that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude . . . shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." It seemed democracy had triumphed by giving freedom to slaves, but the amendment was not complete. It only stopped slavery, and made no provisions for citizenship; therefore, blacks were still not considered United States citizens. The fourteenth amendment was the democratic expansion that fixed that problem. Originally passed to "put a number of matters beyond the control or discretion of the president," the ame ndment also made "All persons born or naturalized in the United States . . . citizens of the United States." It also provided that, "No State shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States." This not only gave new meaning to black men's freedom, but it also gave a new and broader meaning to citizenship. Those drafting the amendment hoped that the broadness of would cover "unanticipated abuses", yet, the general phrasing was only an advantage to abusers. There is no listing of the "privileges or immunities" offered to U.S. citizens. In fact, there is not even a clarification of what rights a "citizen" has. These generalities, and the abuses that went with them, prompted ... ...civil rights bill. The bill would have given blacks a considerable new amount of freedom from discriminatory southern actions. Johnson took his stand against the radical Republicans in congress when the fourteenth amendment was first passed. While Congress required ratification of the amendment as part of reconstruction, Johnson denounced the amendment and advised states not to ratify it. "the battle between the executive and legislative branches settled into a predictable rhythm: Congress would pass a bill, the president would veto it, Congress would override it." This "rhythm" continued until Johnson violated the Tenure of office act, which required senate approval to remove presidential cabinet members. Johnson violated the act by removing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. The House of Representatives approved articles of impeachment and in May 1868, Johnson was impeached by the House. The senate, by one vote, did not remove him from the office of president. Neither side had won that battle for power; Johnson had lost his ability to be an effective president, yet it had been established that impeachment could not be used as a congressional political weapon.

Key success factors for Airtel using Porters value chain Analysis Essay

The methodology of the report is carried out by observing and analyzing various secondary sources. The various secondary sources are study of value chain model in detail from various books and different net sources.. Other than these , study of key factors in the growth of airtel industry. Agter study of key factors, a complete knowledge of industry is taken from various secondary sources. (1. 1)Profile of the company Bharti Airtel Limited, which is also known as Airtel, is an multinational telecommunications services company of India which is headquartered in New Delhi. It operates in 20 countries and some of them are south Africa, Asia, channel countries. Airtel has GSM network in all countries in which it operates, providing services such as 2G, 3G, 4G depending upon the country of operation. Airtel is the world’s third largest mobile telecommunications company by subscribers, with over 275 million subscribers across 20 countries as of July 2013. It is the largest cellular service provider in India, with 192. 22 million subscribers as of August 2013. Airtel is the third largest in-country mobile operator by subscriber base. Airtel is the largest provider of mobile telephony and second largest provider of fixed telephony in India, and is also a provider of broadband and subscription television services. It offers its telecom services under the â€Å"airtel† brand, and is headed by Sunil Bharti Mittal. Bharti Airtel is the first Indian telecom service provider to achieve Cisco Gold Certification. And it also acts as a carrier for national and international long distance communication services. The company has a submarine cable landing station at Chennai, which connects the submarine cable connecting Chennai and Singapore. Airtel is credited with pioneering the business strategy of outsourcing all of its business operations except marketing, sales and finance and building the ‘minutes factory’ model of low cost and high volumes. The strategy has since been copied by several operators. And its network base stations, microwave links, is maintained by Ericsson and Nokia. Vision: 1. Become the most loved brand by 2015 2. Multiplatform services in telecom, enterprise and digital television, unified under brand â€Å"airtel† 3. Amongst the Top 100 of Most Valuable Global Brands 4. No. 1 service brand in India CHAPTER – 2 (2. 0) Effects of value chain analysis: Many organizations do not achieve the profits they anticipate by using incorrect methods or models to determine the true costs of products and services. This failure to correctly assess the costs associated with business not only affects the profit margin, but the organizations competitive advantage as well. In order to assess whether the organization is failing to realize optimum resource allocation, the organization should look at the methodology first popularized by Michael Porter titled the Value Chain Analysis (VCA). â€Å"VCA seeks to define the entire chain through which goods are supplied to a customer†. The VCA can be a powerful tool in increasing an organization’s competitive advantage; by correctly pricing products and assessing the true costs of materials and labour, organizations can align the improvements in efficiency and quality with its objectives. The value chain includes all the activities involved in product making. It is a useful tool to measure the value created for each activity in the process of product creation. It is a part of a firm’s strategic planning to arrange these activities in a way that the total value, the value that buyers are willing to pay, exceeds the total cost. According to Porter , a company can create value through a cost advantage or product differentiation. The activities in the value chain are not independent. Linkages may exist between activities. In fact, one process may affect the cost and performance of the others. Linkage can exist between primary activities, as well as, between primary and support activities. Therefore, competitive advantages can also be derived from the linkages between activities. Airtel seeks to create value through diversification by moving across businesses that share both operational and corporate relatedness. With this approach, it expects to achieve high resource sharing and consequently, significant cost reduction. It looks at operational relatedness since a number of its businesses operate across similar technologies and thus the platform for a given product can be used directly for extending the service from a completely new product. As an example, the cables for a telephone connection provided by Airtel can be used to provide broadband service to the customer without any significant change in infrastructure. The skills required from the technicians are also not very different and thus economies of scale are quite possible (2. 1) The Added-value Chain: According to McPhee and Wheeler , focusing on the firm’s internal core activities is not sufficient to generate value in today’s firms. The authors propose an added-value chain model that includes a set of expanded business activities from different business models and a redefinition of value that incorporates brand, reputation, and relationship-based value drivers of the firm. In the added-value chain model, the definition of value incorporates profit margin and intangible assets like leadership quality, innovate capability, brand equity and competences in strategic-alliance development. This new value definition gives to the firms the ability to evaluate how their strategies affect both â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† assets of the firms . This model is incomplete for example in finding and exploring non-linear value opportunities. Chapter – 3 (3. 0) Key success factors: Airtel has its presence in all 23 circles of the Indian telecom industry. Some of its key success factors are: Brand name: Airtel is a well known name throughout the world. So due to its internationalization strategy It is earning a huge amount of profit. One Step Ahead: Airtel always believe in staying one step ahead of its rivals and it achieves this by doing multidimensional expansion. And this thing can be achieved only by a stable and visionary management. Business Process Outsourcing: Airtel always follows the strategy of outsourcing of all the non core activities and it keep on focussing on core activities. And it is also known as the first mobile company to outsource everything except marketing and sales. The outsources infrastructure and I. T operations from I. B. M, Nortel and Wipro and communication networks from Nokia and recently with Cisco and Servion to provide hosted contact centre services. Innovations in VAS: Airtel has separate value added services for consumers and business enterprises. And other services such as Airtel online desktop for Airtel broadband users which provides free online space for storing, also editing and sharing. It also provides free software and updates on rental basis. M-Commerce: Airtel has also idea for introducing m – commerce as one of its value added service. Because still 80 to 85 percent of population is looking for financial transactions using mobile technology. So it’s a good step. Network: Airtel packs a punch when it comes to network coverage. The aim of Sunil Bharti Mittal wasto creates a network which is clear even when in the basement. Airtel has done just that and beyond. (3. 1) Strategies of Airtel: Mobile to mobile payment: This is the first mobile-to-mobile payment option, which enables Airtel customers and ICICI bank visa cardholders to pay for their purchases with their Airtel mobile phones. Joint venture: Airtel realised that the role of mobile telephony must surpass the conventional school of thought in India. Ever since internet banking has kick started in India, it was just a matter of time before mobile banking started playing the role of a constant revenue stream. The only drawback is the lack of infrastructure in India when it comes to cashless purchase To target around 55 million farmers fertiliser cooperative of India came in with a joint venture with airtel. This venture will help the farmers with the help of telecommunication services. And it will also help in giving the vital information to the farmers. And this is an innovative way of targeting the lower part of the pyramis whereas competitiors are not doing so. Hiring strategy: Airtel has a history of hiring some of the high level officials from other companies to be an integral part of their business. AIRTEL IN WIRELESS IN INDIA: If we talk about wireless network airtel is at no. one position in India. It has a large customer base in comparison to other networks. So, from wireless they earn a total of 30% of revenue from market share. If we will see from the figure, airtel has 187 million customers in india which is the largest. And this proves that value chain plays a very important role in maintaining a profit margin. from this we came to know that the technology advancement , which is a secondary activity and operation , inbound logistics of primary activities is quite strong. FIG – (1) – WIRELESS SUBSCRIBERS Value chain model of Airtel If we talk about value chain model of Airtel, first we will start with some key factors and we will fit them in a particular step of value chain , so that we can identify how it is giving extra value to the firm. So we will discuss each step in brief one by one. 1) BRAND NAME: Airtel is a well known name and is recognised throughout the world. It has its presence in various countries. If we talk through clear facts it is present in twenty countries and this brand is addressable to around 1. 8 bn population. It has its presence in different corners of world and is a major player in Africa country. It is considered as the provider of best services. It is also number one service brand in india. so because of having an image of respectful brand it is having a huge profit and they are having a profit margin. So its become an important part of value chain as it is providing value to the firm. So we can put this in technological advancement as because of good provider of services and technology it becomes a favourable brand.

Struggles and Setbacks of Developing Democracies in Latin...

The concept of patrimonialism in Latin American countries is a subject that has been studied and researched by some of the world’s most renowned sociologists and political scientists. In this literature review I will use the information gathered from several of these researchers and combine their theories and ideologies in an attempt to understand why many Latin American countries such as Mexico, Argentina, Venezuela, and Bolivia have continued to remain oppressed throughout history and stand on a slippery slope towards democratic reform of their national governments. The impeded development of democracy in these countries is much derived from Spanish empirical forms, reigning from the colonial era in which Spanish conquistadores†¦show more content†¦Evaluating progress from an economic standpoint In order to successfully evaluate the transition of an authoritarian regime towards a more democratic form of government, we would not only look at the implications of power and rule of government policy, but as well the economic values of these authoritarian states, in doing this we could find that the abuse of government resources and funding are extremely detrimental to the democratic progress, in which the question could be asked, what are some of the main economic mechanisms causing the deprivation of economic growth in these authoritarian states? The suboptimal economic growth in Latin America suggests that even after open-market policies have been implemented; Latin Americas share in world output has remained stagnant at roughly 6% since the 1970’s. Some experts have suggested that corruption, excessive debt, political instability, low investment in human capital, and emigration account for low levels of economic prosperity in Latin America (Lizardo, R. Mollack, A. V. 2009). The findings of this study would lead us to believe that these detrimental governmental actions would appeal to the school of thought aforementioned, in where the leader of a state is placing his priorities above those of the citizens of the state. The states control over economic earnings, and over-abusive consumption contributes to the negative growth economically, of these states,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Motivations and Causes of Terrorism3275 Words   |  14 PagesMotivations and Causes of Terrorism Despite the end of the Cold War and the faltering beginnings of a peace process in the Middle East, terrorism still remains a serious threat in many countries, not surprisingly, given that the underlying causes of the bitter ethnic and religious struggles which spawn terrorism pre-dated the Cold War, and most of these conflicts remain unresolved. While the former Soviet Union sponsored terrorism on an opportunistic basis, the idea that all internationalRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. 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